"MOTIVATION" MAY 2011

May 25, 2011 " Failure is just a rehearsal; success is the main event." Written in 2011 by Felix Opaleye --- Nigeria  May 25, 2011 " The seconds are ticking down to the end of the game. The pass comes to me to take the shot. Yes. I have my opponent right where I want them. Shot taken scores. End of Game. That is how we should treat every day." Written In 2011 by Robert Holbrook --- California I was inspired tonight. May 25, 2011 " Don't follow others; be followed by others." Written in 2011 by Pratik Pancholi --- India I learned this from my life. May 23, 2011 " Put our heart, mind and soul into even the smallest acts. This is the secret of success." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Gabbar Singh --- India Keep this in mind. May 23, 2011 " Life isn't baseball. You're never out until you stop swinging." Written in 2011 by Raymond C. Nolan --- Alabama  Too many people quit after three strikes. The best way a person can become a winner is to forget about the three strike rule and keep swinging until you succeed. May 23, 2011 " Success has one calculation formula. Stop thinking in terms of Limitations and Start thinking in terms of Possibilities." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Tushar Mandavkar --- India May 18, 2011 " Second chance... Do we really have a second chance in life? No... You already missed the bus... Look for a new one... Your second chance is nothing but searching for a new opportunity... Starting from square one. Keep your eyes open in the first place to grab the opportunity. The person who identifies the opportunity and grabs it as a chance to win, always wins." Written in 2011 by Wispmac Shah --- India  May 18, 2011 " Life is like a game, everyone plays differently and it takes a lot of practice to get it right." Written in 2011 by Marlon Greer --- New Jersey This quote empowers and gives hope to all; that just as long as they don't give up and keep trying, success awaits them. May 18, 2011 " We move with the momentum to succeed, goals we wish to achieve. We plant a seed in our mind with the thought of growing this seed from a dream to reality of one day. Hard work and dedication brings forth progress and progress is what makes that seed you plant grow." Written in 2011 by M. Stafford --- Tennessee  May 16, 2011 " Stand up from slumbering and make a way to make a move to your destiny." Written in 2010 by Akinola Victor --- Nigeria May 16, 2011 " Give yourself a perfect day. Do what makes you happiest. Look upon what gives you joy. Speak to those who warm your heart. Listen to that which lifts your spirit. Surround yourself with sights and sounds and people who give you pleasure. For all the happiness you give to others all year long, give yourself a perfect day." Unknown Author --- Submitted by George Wachirah --- Kenya May 16, 2011 " The truth of the matter is that there's nothing you can't accomplish if: (1) You clearly decide what it is that you're absolutely committed to achieving, (2) You're willing to take massive action, (3) You notice what's working or not, and (4) You continue to change your approach until you achieve what you want, using whatever life gives you along the way." Anthony Robbins --- Submitted By Lauren Covington --- New Jersey May 11, 2011 " Fear, Pain, Weak, are nothing but four letter words. Success, Conquer, Victory, are all seven letter words and are in the heart of every champion." Written in 2011 by Vivek Bhattacharjee --- Australia May 11, 2011 " I have what some would call 'delusions of grandeur', but to me it feels like an expectation of grandeur. There's an underlying feeling that I was put here for an undeniable mark on history, as if it's destined. It's not that I walk around as such; it's an internal recognition of my abilities, which are awe inspiring to me. Can you be your own hero?" Copyright © 2011 Brian Hawk May 11, 2011 " I just went to check on the results of the professional exams that I wrote and discovered that out of four courses, I only passed two. At a time I was discouraged, but I said to myself NEVER GIVE UP, YOU ONLY HAVE TO SUCCEED THE LAST TIME YOU TRY. I will try again!" Written in 2011 by Samuel Innocent --- Nigeria You may be going through the same situation or even worse than that, but I say to you NEVER GIVE UP; put on strength and mount up wings like an eagle and keep flying for you will get there. May 9, 2011 " When someone is telling you that you can't do something, don't quit, just smile and say I'll show you." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Anthony Gyan Osign --- Ghana May 9, 2011 " Why settle for good, when you can be great?" Author Unknown --- Submitted by Mal Neale --- Australia May 9, 2011 " Think BIG, Do BIG, Get BIG and Finally Be BIG." Written in 2011 by Devikant Kahar --- India May 4, 2011 " Success is reaching the top when you're on the down escalator going up." Written in 2011 by Michelle Sather --- Illinois  No one gets carried to the top. There are constant set backs and hurdles that slow or knock you down, if we walk at one pace. May 4, 2011 " Let motivation talk when failure harasses you." Written in 2011 by Felix Opaleye --- Nigeria May 4, 2011 " Get up and go do whatever you want. Success is the only thing you are born for." Written in 2011 by Preeti Agarwal --- India May 4, 2011 " Self-esteem comes from demonstrated competence. Everyone has skills but not everyone uses them. So use your skills - find out what you're good at and do it." Written in 2011 by N.Jambunathan --- India  May 2, 2011 " I am shy and afraid that I may fail, but I will not let these doubts conquer my life and dreams. All I have to do is to stand and say: I Can Do This! I Don't Care If I Fail Many Times, I Will Still Try, Try And Try until I get what I want!" Written in 2011 by Hermes Lebumfacil --- Philippines I want to share this idea that whatever happens, just try, try, and try your best to get a best result of you! Just believe in yourself and the blessings will follow! May 2, 2011 " We are but men and women... your names will echo tomorrow and end today for glory and retribution was your purpose. What you have achieved is incredible; you have lived, loved, creed, smiled, and to give up now... sometimes it is going to be you and me against this world... so I say to you now: get up and take a step forward into to the future. Who knows? It might just surprise you." Written in 2011 by Jason Walters Mariner --- Australia May 2, 2011 " All power is within you; you can do anything and everything. Believe in that; do not believe that you are weak. Stand up and express the divinity within you." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Saif Syed --- India

"MOTIVATION" APRIL 2011

April 27, 2011 " Success is like a moving train; only motivation can make it pick up speed." Written in 2010 by Felix Opaleye --- Nigeria April 27, 2011 " It's those who NEVER give up that see their dreams transform into reality!" Written in 2010 by Aaron Forsyth --- Australia Every successful person tells a tale of never giving up! April 27, 2011 " A self-motivated person can motivate others. The person who has a vision, he will be a source of energy and opportunity for others." Written in 2010 by Harpreet Singh--- India I always want to be a player on the field. April 25, 2011 " Success is a lifetime trip, an endless journey; you cannot reach the destination but can only enjoy a trip!" Written in 2011 by Kabelo Selekolo --- South Africa I realized this when I was a teenager, so I wanted to alert other people that after every achievement there's another journey to be taken. April 25, 2011 " The key word in 'Self Motivation' is Self! If you're looking to others, then you're missing the main factor! You have the gift to inspire your own mind! Choose to kindle the flame inside yourself! Build that flame to an empowering inferno! You will become a guiding light for others! You can do it! DO IT BIG!!!" Copyright © 2011 Jimmy Hagewood April 25, 2011 " To reach a successful destination you need a vehicle assembled with wheels of ideas, the fuel of action, a driver with patience and hard work." Written in 2011 by Dr. Pravin Dhikale --- India Without ideas, action, patience, and hard work, success is far away. April 20, 2011 " I always admire and model rich and successful people, daily. I am truly grateful for all the money I have now, daily. Lucrative opportunities always come my way, daily." Written in 2011 by Prince Mohammed A. Davies --- United Kingdom April 20, 2011 " Don't see the challenges of life as failures, but see them as platforms to success." Written in 2010 by Peter Christopher --- Nigeria  April 20, 2011 " Success is what you make it, there's no better time to make a change than the present." Written in 2010 by Maulik Shah --- India  April 18, 2011 " We may feel hopeless, breathless when facing difficulties. It's not a sign of failure; it's a sign that it's time to be fearless; a sign that success is within our reach." Written in 2011 by Caroline Wong --- China  I just write down what I feel. I have learnt from failure and have shared this with people who feel the same way as I did. April 18, 2011 " The division between success and failure is your attitude. If you project problems, they will find you. If you project accomplishments, then those results find a way to weave towards you. Make sure you kick aside the rejection of past problems. They hold very little bearing on what you can do going forward. Be bold, confident and unbending when it comes to what you want. You have the power!" Written in 2011 by Jim Fargiano  April 18, 2011 " Another day brings positive energy and enthusiasm! Make each day count! Be grateful for every second! Let not one breath leave you without knowing you've done your best!!! Always be an encourager and stay constant in sharing your magnificent gifts with others!!! You can do it... DO IT BIG!!!" Written in 2011 by Jimmy Hagewood --- Alabama  April 13, 2011 " I learnt the greatest are those who fight to reach great heights, courageously facing the tests to become their life's best." Written in 2011 by Sophina Nelsoni --- Kenya I was inspired by the rest. April 13, 2011 " Don't wait for an opportunity to start what your mind has already started. Just make it happen!" Written in 2011 by Frank Chidi --- Nigeria Be encouraged! April 13, 2011 " When striving for the best in life, just remember one thing: I HAVE TO PROVE TO MYSELF." Written in 2011 by Preeti Agarwal --- India April 6, 2011 " Success and failure are the two sides of a coin. You need flip it according to your strengths to see Success all the time." Written in 2011 by Chinnappa Pasam --- California April 6, 2011 My belief is my strength My commitment is my power My passion is my key My dreams are my breath Nobody can stop me Written in 2011 by Saba Hussain --- India April 6, 2011 " More hurdles, more delay. Bigger the hurdles, bigger the reward. Success, in any way, will be yours unless you decide to QUIT after seeing the numbers or size of the hurdles." Written in 2011 by Sreemoy Ghose --- India The hurdles I face in establishing an academy in my hometown at Jamshedpur, where one can acquire the knowledge and education to add value to one's life and career, has prompted me to contribute this message for all readers to get strength and feel motivated. April 4, 2011 " I have no fear of failure and that is my key of success." Written in 2011 by Naveed Tahir --- Pakistan I have gone through some repetitive failures and after that I am slowly moving toward success. I want to share my experience with my young ones to motivate them in their practical life. April 4, 2011 " The difference between success and failure is determination." Written in 2011 by Richmond Wilson --- Ghana April 4, 2011 " I'm strong of mind... strong of heart... I'm strong in spirit. There's strength within my soul, strength in my body. I have passion & ambitions. I am driven... determined & I will not go down without a fight because I have fire burning on the inside. There's something that whispers within & tells me...don't give.up! I swear it. I won't give up!" Written in 2011 by Brianna G. --- Pennsylvania

"MOTIVATION" MARCH 2011

March 30, 2011 " Out of adversity comes greatness." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Mal Neale --- Australia  March 30, 2011 " Believe In Yourself and the rest will follow." Written in 2003 by Michael Lyons --- Pennsylvania March 30, 2011 " I'm authentic because I am one of a kind." Written in 2011 by Renee Scalfani --- Massachusetts I have always been myself, never a follower. March 28, 2011 " Dreaming is my passion but making it true is my obsession." Written in 2009 by Rajnish Sharma --- India March 28, 2011 " Our yesterdays might have been bad, but our today will be one of the best; better days are ahead." Written in 2011 by Favour Michael --- Nigeria  March 28, 2011 " We might not be able to be the best, but we can always be better than the rest." Written in 2011 by Abdul Rahim Bin Mohd Said --- Singapore March 23, 2011 " Never hesitate to follow your positive instincts; they could turn out to be your next positive direction." Written in 2011 by Oyebisi Oluremi --- Nigeria March 23, 2011 " Make a record or break a record." Author Unknown --- Submitted by S. Jaya --- India March 23, 2011 " Touching the sky only doesn't define your success; the real success story will be if you don't take your feet off the ground, while touching the sky." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Ravi Gupta --- India  March 21, 2011 " Dream big; at least you will have the joy of reaching for the stars instead of living in a box filled with unopened gifts." Written in 2011 by David Robinson --- Ireland  Living in an 'I wish' world made me realize how much passed me by each day because I didn't dare open my dreams. March 21, 2011 " No matter how you fall, just think how to get up fast." Written in 2011 by Ika Adriani --- Indonesia I got it from my aikido practice and I apply it in my life. No matter how I fall (failed), I just think how to get up fast. March 21, 2011 " Don't live like there's no tomorrow, live like you're leaving today!" Written in 2011 by Antonio Talbert --- Oklahoma Embrace your life and live! March 16, 2011 " It's never too late to be what you might have been. Stop reliving the past; live in the present and face the future with courage, hope and faith." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Kristine Llacuna --- Philippines I found myself in a state of desperation when I wrote the second sentence to this; I scrambled for any source of inspiration. But in this sorry state, I realized that there might be others out there who are suffering as much as I am (even more, if not equal). So I'd like to offer up a piece of strength to those who are fighting their own battles. May we strive and succeed! March 16, 2011 " Success... is not measured by the value of wealth that you have accumulated throughout your lifetime! When you achieved your dream - no matter how simple that dream may be, for as long as you are happy and contented with what you have achieved, it is only then, that will be able to appreciate what success is all about!" Written in 2011 by Rolando S. Sumalague, Jr., CPA --- Philippines  March 16, 2011 " I was born to make it in life. My fall does not determine the end. For it is only when I get up and begin, from where I fell today, that will determine my success tomorrow." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Anthony Gyan --- Ghana  March 14, 2011 " Life without regrets = Life without a threat." Written in 2010 by Phil Givens --- California The only way to live your life to it's fullest potential is without regret. March 14, 2011 " Don't be idle; try to be an ideal." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Venkata Pramod --- India I got this on my mind. March 14, 2011 " Am not waiting for tomorrow because I am busy bringing the best out of today." Written in 2011 by Felix Opaleye --- Nigeria March 9, 2011 " Remember this my friends, you can't do it before you try it." Written in 2011 by Bishram --- Malaysia  Go for a try and you will know, it's lot easier than you think. March 9, 2011 " If you seek the spotlight, you can't be afraid of your shadow." Written in 2010 by Christin S. Ogryzlo --- New York  To motivate myself. March 9, 2011 " If you want to keep growing, you have to challenge everything. Even your own thinking and beliefs." Bill Gould --- Submitted by George Wachirah --- Kenya  March 9, 2011 " Difficult things take a long time, impossible things a little longer." Author Unknown --- Submitted by Jagdish Kaviraj --- India  March 7, 2011 " Often we fear what never is and limit the strength of our minds. Move into fear's territory. Release the strength of your mind and discover some of your greatest surprises, that what you fear doesn't exist after all. Live life to the fullest." Written in 2011 by Shirley Asiedu-Addo --- Ghana  March 7, 2011 " In the hands of your deepest fear lies the keys to your destiny." Schiraz --- Submitted by Kerissa Kuis --- West Virginia March 7, 2011 " To make positive change for tomorrow, we must make positive change for today. To make positive change for today, we must make a positive change to our attitude." Written in 2011 by Allen Steble --- Australia  March 2, 2011 " Every great success is an accumulation of thousands of ordinary efforts that no one else sees or appreciates." Brian Tracy March 2, 2011 " You have the courage and power to live your dreams." Les Brown March 2, 2011 " It's the little things you do that can make a big difference. What are you attempting to accomplish? What little thing can you do today that will make you more effective? You are probably only one step away from greatness." Bob Proctor

HOW STUDENTS LEARN VS. HOW WE TEACH

HOW STUDENTS LEARN VS. HOW WE TEACH

Lion Gardiner's article is fairly long and not appropriate for posting (with permission) here. It contains, however, a number of salient points about how students learn and the rather ineffective job American education is doing in addressing their needs as learners. He writes: ... we find a substantial body of evidence that clearly demonstrates a crisis of educational quality in our nation's colleges and universities.This crisis should evoke a serious and determined response from the entire professorate. But rather, ... we too often find complacency within our ranks. We seem to turn a blind eye to the quality of our educational processes and results. The busyness of daily routine and the seeming rightness of the familiar obscures the need to change. What makes Gardiner's article very credible and powerful are the myriad studies and associated data he presents. Some excerpts: "We know that a strong relationship exists between students' formal operational ability and their success in their courses.Critical thinking is a form of higher-order cognition that society requires and faculty esteem. ... We urge our students to think critically and give them activities we believe will help them to learn how. Yet, 30 years of research show us that most of our students hold epistemological assumptions that prevent them from understanding and, therefore, engaging in critical thinking." "... the relationship between [students'] active involvement and effective learning is so strong that 'the effectiveness of any educational policy or practice is directly related to the capacity of that policy to increase involvement in learning.'Active involvement includes frequent student-faculty interaction, both in and outside of class." "For tens of thousands of students in a large national study, specific curricular design had little effect on most of 22 general education outcomes examined. The types or breadth of courses, specific courses available, or relative flexibility to choose among courses had little impact on these outcomes. On the other hand, a core curriculum had salutary effects on many developmental outcomes. ...These curricula, where students took, in common, interdisciplinary general education courses, represented less than 2 percent of the hundreds of curricula in the study." "One national study has revealed that only 35 percent of faculty strongly emphasize their institution's curricular goals. Only 12 percent utilize feedback from their earlier students, and 8 percent use the viewpoints of experts in instruction. The conclusion: 'The faculty interviewed seemed to teach as they had been taught ...'" "Faculty in another national study 'overwhelmingly' said developing effective thinking was their primary educational purpose, but most of the 4,000 course goals they submitted related to teaching concepts in their disciplines, rather than developing the intellectual skills they said were so important." "... involving students in discussion fosters retention of information, application of knowledge to new situations, and development of higher-order thinking skills -- and discussions do this much better than lectures do. ...... Yet 70 to 90 percent of professors use the traditional lecture as their primary instructional strategy." "In a study of 155 class sessions at four different institutions, questioning of students comprised 0.2 percent to 9.2 percent of class time." "... in most courses, transmission of facts from teacher to students and discussion that requires only the recall of facts are the dominant class activities, regardless of discipline, the number of weeks into the semester, or size of institution.In one study, 89.3 percent of questions asked by the faculty required only recall to answer, not comprehension of concepts. ... In only 0.3 percent to 2.5 percent of class time were students required to use the much more complex skill of evaluation." "The median cognitive level in classes of 15 or fewer students was analysis. In classes of 16 to 45 students the median was comprehension. In large classes of 46 to 300 students the median intellectual activity was recall." "If students are not thinking during lectures, what are they doing? Their attention drifts after only 10 to 20 minutes. They are listening, asking or responding to questions, or taking notes only half of the time. Up to 15 percent of their time is spent fantasizing." "Only 14 percent of 745 research university students said they had ever been formally taught how to study, in high school or in college." "... how much course content do students retain? Studies sometimes find rare high values where students retain 50 percent of the content, but values of 20 percent or less are common." "Although engineering students used memorized formulas successfully to solve physics problems, there were 'widespread misconceptions' when they were required to provide 'coherent verbal descriptions of abstract concepts' inherent in the problems.After watching their teachers work 1,000 problems in class and solving another 3,000 themselves outside class, 'after four years, engineering students showed negligible improvement in problem-solving skills." "The 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey of 26,000 native-born Americans discovered major deficiencies in two- and four-year college graduates' ability to work with text and numbers in straightforward, pre-college tasks such as understanding the meaning of newspaper articles, using bus timetables, and calculating prices of supermarket items." "Only 17 percent of 1,700 faculty respondents at a research university said they use essay tests. These same respondents claimed only 13 percent of their questions required problem-solving." "... numerous studies demonstrate widespread cheating among students on classroom tests, possibly involving 40 to 90 percent of all students. ...One-third of students [in a national study of 6,165 respondents] with A's and B+'s cheated, as did two-thirds of 6,000 students at 'highly selective' colleges." "For well over a decade we have been warned that if we do not put our academic house in order, others ... will step in to do so. They have begun to do this. We must act quickly."

30 THINGS WE KNOW FOR SURE ABOUT ADULT LEARNING

30 THINGS WE KNOW FOR SURE ABOUT ADULT LEARNING

A variety of sources provides us with a body of fairly reliable knowledge about adult learning. This knowledge might be divided into three basic divisions: things we know about adult learners and their motivation, things we know about designing curriculum for adults, and things we know about working with adults in the classroom.

Motivation to Learn

Adults seek out learning experiences in order to cope with specific life-changing events--e.g., marriage, divorce, a new job, a promotion, being fired, retiring, losing a loved one, moving to a new city. The more life change events an adult encounters, the more likely he or she is to seek out learning opportunities. Just as stress increases as life-change events accumulate, the motivation to cope with change through engagement in a learning experience increases. The learning experiences adults seek out on their own are directly related - at least in their perception - to the life-change events that triggered the seeking. Adults are generally willing to engage in learning experiences before, after, or even during the actual life change event. Once convinced that the change is a certainty, adults will engage in any learning that promises to help them cope with the transition. Adults who are motivated to seek out a learning experience do so primarily because they have a use for the knowledge or skill being sought. Learning is a means to an end, not an end in itself. Increasing or maintaining one's sense of self-esteem and pleasure are strong secondary motivators for engaging in learning experiences.

Curriculum Design

Adult learners tend to be less interested in, and enthralled by, survey courses. They tend to prefer single concept, single-theory courses that focus heavily on the application of the concept to relevant problems. This tendency increases with age. Adults need to be able to integrate new ideas with what they already know if they are going to keep - and use - the new information. Information that conflicts sharply with what is already held to be true, and thus forces a re-evaluation of the old material, is integrated more slowly. Information that has little "conceptual overlap" with what is already known is acquired slowly. Fast-paced, complex or unusual learning tasks interfere with the learning of the concepts or data they are intended to teach or illustrate. Adults tend to compensate for being slower in some psychomotor learning tasks by being more accurate and making fewer trial-and-error ventures. Adults tend to take errors personally and are more likely to let them affect self-esteem. Therefore, they tend to apply tried-and-true solutions and take fewer risks. The curriculum designer must know whether the concepts or ideas will be in concert or in conflict with the learner. Some instruction must be designed to effect a change in belief and value systems. Programs need to be designed to accept viewpoints from people in different life stages and with different value "sets." A concept needs to be "anchored" or explained from more than one value set and appeal to more than one developmental life stage. Adults prefer self-directed and self-designed learning projects over group-learning experiences led by a professional, they select more than one medium for learning, and they desire to control pace and start/stop time. Nonhuman media such as books, programmed instruction and television have become popular with adults in recent years. Regardless of media, straightforward how-to is the preferred content orientation. Adults cite a need for application and how-to information as the primary motivation for beginning a learning project. Self-direction does not mean isolation. Studies of self-directed learning indicate that self-directed projects involve an average of 10 other people as resources, guides, encouragers and the like. But even for the self-professed, self-directed learner, lectures and short seminars get positive ratings, especially when these events give the learner face-to-face, one-to-one access to an expert.

In the Classroom

The learning environment must be physically and psychologically comfortable; long lectures, periods of interminable sitting and the absence of practice opportunities rate high on the irritation scale. Adults have something real to lose in a classroom situation. Self-esteem and ego are on the line when they are asked to risk trying a new behavior in front of peers and cohorts. Bad experiences in traditional education, feelings about authority and the preoccupation with events outside the classroom affect in-class experience. Adults have expectations, and it is critical to take time early on to clarify and articulate all expectations before getting into content. The instructor can assume responsibility only for his or her own expectations, not for those of students. Adults bring a great deal of life experience into the classroom, an invaluable asset to be acknowledged, tapped and used. Adults can learn well -and much - from dialogue with respected peers. Instructors who have a tendency to hold forth rather than facilitate can hold that tendency in check--or compensate for it--by concentrating on the use of open-ended questions to draw out relevant student knowledge and experience. New knowledge has to be integrated with previous knowledge; students must actively participate in the learning experience. The learner is dependent on the instructor for confirming feedback on skill practice; the instructor is dependent on the learner for feedback about curriculum and in-class performance. The key to the instructor role is control. The instructor must balance the presentation of new material, debate and discussion, sharing of relevant student experiences, and the clock. Ironically, it seems that instructors are best able to establish control when they risk giving it up. When they shelve egos and stifle the tendency to be threatened by challenge to plans and methods, they gain the kind of facilitative control needed to effect adult learning. The instructor has to protect minority opinion, keep disagreements civil and unheated, make connections between various opinions and ideas, and keep reminding the group of the variety of potential solutions to the problem. The instructor is less advocate than orchestrator. Integration of new knowledge and skill requires transition time and focused effort on application. Learning and teaching theories function better as resources than as a Rosetta stone. A skill-training task can draw much from the behavioral approach, for example, while personal growth-centered subjects seem to draw gainfully from humanistic concepts. An eclectic, rather than a single theory-based approach to developing strategies and procedures, is recommended for matching instruction to learning tasks. The next five years will eclipse the last fifty in terms of hard data production on adult learning. For the present, we must recognize that adults want their learning to be problem-oriented, personalized and accepting of their need for self-direction and personal responsibility.